Central Eurasian Studies Review

afford scholars, reflecting on their fields, the occasion to reassess dominant methodologies, challenge intellectual consensuses and clichéd language, suggest new avenues of research, or introduce previously unexamined and ignored sources;
endeavor to set Central Eurasia within the larger Eurasian context by suggesting themes that resonate across cultures and, by their possible ubiquity, erase the arbitrary boundaries that arise from a tendency to treat cultures as self-reflective isolates; or,
apply close analysis to essentially non-verbal texts-paintings, advertisements, maps, cartoons-whether historical or contemporary, selected for their utility in revealing the unspoken premises of non-elite as well as elite perspectives, or serving to capture important moments in processes of social, political, economic, or cultural transition.

Research Reports

The editors invite two types of submissions. The guidelines for each appear below.

1) Reports on Research Findings and Methods. The editors request the submission of reports on on-going or recently completed research. These reports should be written with the aim of presenting preliminary conclusions drawn from research in progress that are likely to be of immediate interest to the readers of CESR. Submissions must include a brief description of the research method and the on-going project of which the research is a part. These reports are intended to give readers a glimpse into work in progress; we will not accept formal articles of completed scholarship. (These should be directed to Editors of Central Asian Survey casurvey@soas.ac.uk) Reports may be 1,500-3,000 in length and may be submitted in either English or Russian (to be translated by the editors into English before publication). Electronic submissions are preferred. Send submissions to Jamilya Ukudeeva. Alternatively, send them by post to 4322 Calypso Terrace, Fremont, CA 94555, USA.

To be most useful to the readership of CESR, a report should consider the following issues:

Problem/Question/Theme
- What is the general topic that the research addresses?
- What is the more specific topic that the research addresses?
Justification for Studying it
- How does our understanding of Central Eurasian studies benefit from this research?
Approach
- What approach, assumptions, or theories guide the research?
Methodology/ies
- What specific analytic tools were used /are being used to examine the question?
Preliminary Findings
- What are the tentative conclusions that have been drawn?
- What do these conclusions add to our knowledge of Central Eurasia?
Remaining Questions
- What questions remain on the topic that deserve further study?

2) Reports on Research Conditions. The editors request the submission of reports or notices about conditions of doing research in the field of Central Eurasian studies. These reports on research conditions should be written with the aim of informing other scholars of changes in archival access, common problems encountered in the course of doing field research, and/or information about new resources, such as survey research organizations or newly published government documents. Reports may be 1,500-3,000 words in length and may be submitted in either English or Russian (to be translated by the editors into English before publication). Electronic submissions are preferred. Send submissions to Jamilya Ukudeeva. Alternatively, send them by post to 4322 Calypso Terrace, Fremont, CA 94555, USA.

Conferences and Lecture Series

This section provides summary reports of conferences, lecture series and other scholarly gatherings so as to benefit CESR readers who did not attend the meetings. Reports include the following: scope/purpose of the meeting, major innovations, ideas or conclusions presented, featured panels and discussions. Where available, CESR will provide the link to the meeting's website. The section includes reports from conferences and lecture series devoted to the field of Central Eurasian studies as well as reports about selected panels on Central Eurasian studies at conferences held by professional societies in the humanities or social sciences. Submissions should be 750-1500 words in length. Send submissions to Pinar Akçali or Daniel Schafer.

Educational Resources and Developments

While other sections of CESR provide a forum for discussing research, the emphasis in this section is on educational materials that help develop an informed public awareness of our region. The editors would like to promote discussion of the challenges in educating about Central Eurasia both within and outside the region. Submissions might include:

Ideas on/experinces with curriculum development
Discussions of teaching methodology and reflections on its use in practice
Descriptions of specific courses (with links to their syllabi)
Reviews of work which would be appropriate as "textbooks," among them collections of primary sources, images, and/or music
Reviews of films
Reviews of electronic resources such as CD-ROMs and web projects offering real substance and/or multimedia innovation
Discussion of new and ongoing projects (for example, public education undertakings) which are extending the still limited range of resources appropriate to any and all levels of learners.
Discussions of philosophies of education and/or analyses of the politics of education (both within the Central Asian region and within Central Asian Studies)

Submissions should be 1,500-2,000 words in length. Submissions in English preferred, but submissions in Russian are also accepted (for translation), and arrangements may possibly be made for translation from other languages (please inquire in advance).

Style Guidelines

The format of contributions may vary somewhat depending on the section. For the sake of coherence and readability, CESR does require adherence to a unified, "in-text" format for bibliographic citations, and prescribes a system of transliteration and system of preferred spellings of Central Asian names and terms in English.

In-text Bibliographic Citations

CESR employs "in-text" (parenthetical) citations of sources, not footnote citations. Citations are referenced in the text using parentheses, with author's name, date of cited source and page number (where appropriate). Full citations of sources are provided in the References section at end of each article. Please note format, including spacing and punctuation, in the following examples:

Example 1:
Recent excavations have uncovered Sakae settlements (Maqsatov 1999: 22).

Example 2 (where the author's name is mentioned in the text):
Ramazani argues that the policy shift was inevitable (2001a: 57).

Example 3 (with direct quote from the source):
One critic described the novel as "rich in irony, but poor in imagery" (Tienshanskaia 2000: 121).

Example 4 (with reference to several works):
Several recent studies come to the opposite conclusion (Wong 1999: 16; 2000: 212; Undarya 1999:37).

Example 5 (only the page number is provided when source was just referenced):
a) Among the remarkable artifacts that this study analyzes is the late 4th century BCE "Civic Oath of Chersonesos" stele (p. 136).
b) The relationship between religion and politics is discussed extensively in Otter and Sabelman (1997). Specifically, they argue that religion will be most politicized in authoritarian states that are in transition to becoming more democratic (p. 127).

Capitalization in transliteration in citations follows the practice of the source language (though exception might be made for proper nouns and adjectives). For example, words in French or Russian book titles are not capitalized after the 1st word, unless their meaning dictates capitalization (according to the original language practice).

"References" Section at End of Articles

For each work cited in the text, a bibliographic reference is given, and this is located at the end of the article under the title "References". References follow conventions generally employed in the social sciences. Again, note carefully the order of information, spacing and punctuation for each sample entry. Note that capitalization rules vary, depending on whether source is an article in a journal or the title of a book, etc. Date of publication is followed by three non-breaking spaces.

Author/editor surname and given name/initials. Year of publication. Title of book, in italics. Edition. Place of publication and publisher.

2005 Fundamentalism in Afghanistan. In series: Fundamentalism in Asia, vol. 1. London: Oxford University Press.

Individual Articles in Books (collections of articles with different authors)

Author surname and given name/initials. Year of publication. Title of article, in quotation marks. In: Title of book, in italics. Editor's given name/initials and surname (in normal order), ed./eds. Page numbers of the individual article. Place of publication. Publisher.

1998 "Uzbek dance music" In: Folk Music of Central Asia. F. Smythe and J. Baker, eds., pp. 46-59. London: St. Martin's Press.

Author surname and given name/initials. Year of publication. Title of article, in quotation marks. Name of periodical, in italics. Volume number. Issue/part number, in parentheses. Page numbers. City, where appropriate.

1999 "New developments in Sufism," British Journal of Sufism, 2 (3) 271-303. London.

Author surname and given name/initials (if given, otherwise use newspaper title). Year of publication. Title of article. Name of newspaper, in italics. Place of publication. Date of issue [month - day - year], Page number(s).

2001 "Kyrgyz human rights activists raise question," Central Asian Tribune (Dushanbe), March 6, 2001, p. 9.

1996 "Wahhabism or Communism?" Daghestan Daily (Makhachkala) , May 5, 1996, p. 17.

Same as other articles, but in place of the article title in quotations: Review of: Author (in usual order). Book title in italics. City. Publisher. Year of publication.

2004 Review of: Jacob Smith, Music of the Caucasus. New York: Macmillian, 2003. Central Asia Journal, 22 (6) 13-15. London.

The name of the institution responsible for the publication. Year of publication. Title, in italics. Explanatory text in parentheses. Place of publication. Publisher. Specific date of the report, if given.

1999 Conditions in Advance of the 1999 Incursions (Report for the briefing of the mass media on 12 December 1999). Batken: Provincial Publishing Office. November 12, 1999.

Author surname and given name/initials. Year, in brackets. Title, in italics. Details of what report was for or other information about the material."Unpublished."

[2000] Causes of Conflict in Central Asia. Report to the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. Unpublished.

Author/editor surname and given name/initials. Year of publication "n.d." if date of publication not given in source). Article title in quotations (if any). Publication title, in italics. "[online]." Date of issue. Place of publication: Publisher (publisher in the traditional sense or organization which maintains the site Internet). URL is (not given in angular brackets.

2001 "Uzbekistan's monetary isolationism faces day of reckoning," EurasiaNet [online], April 9, 2001. New York: OSI Central Eurasia Project http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/business/articles/eav040901.shtml.

Do not break a URL to affect wrapping to the next line. Any necessary splitting will be done in the final editorial process, as the appropriate place to split will depend on final line lengths which may not correspond to the manuscript.

If the original language of the cited work is not English, bibliographic information should be given in the original language, transliterated, if the original is a non-Latin script. This includes author, title, periodical title, city and publisher name. Titles of articles or books should be translated in square brackets after the actual title (but only the title of the specific cited work, not of the periodical or book in which it appears).

1989 Tadzhiki: drevneishaia, drevniaia i srednevekovaia istoriia [The Tajiks: most ancient, ancient and medieval history]. 2nd ed. Dushanbe: Irfon.

1952 "K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii lokaitsev [On the question of the origins of the Laqays]," Sovetskaia etnografiia, 1952 (4) 11-29. Moskva.

Capitalization in transliteration should follow the capitalization of the original language, unless there is a specific reason to do otherwise.

Further Style Notes for "References"

When the cited work has a single author, the name is given surname first, followed by a comma and the given name(s) or initial(s). When there are multiple authors, the first author is listed with surname first, but the subsequent names are given in the normal listing order (surname last for European authors, surname first for East Asian authors, etc.)

The author should be listed either as the name appears in the publication, or with full name. Do not reduce the author's name to initials in the bibliographic references if this is not how it appears in the publication.

When multiple works are cited by an author published in the same year, they are given in alphabetical order of the title with consecutive letters following the date:

If key bibliographic information, such as the year or place of publication, is missing from the work itself but can be reliably interpolated, it should be provided in square brackets. If the information cannot be interpolated reliably, it should be substituted with"n.d." (for missing year), "n.p." (for missing place of publication or missing publisher), etc.

In English book and report titles, all words are capitalized except articles, prepositions and conjunctions. In article titles, only proper nouns and adjectives are capitalized. In other languages, capitalization should follow the general rule of the given language (e.g., German, all nouns capitalized; French, proper adjectives not capitalized, etc.).

There are a large number of languages pertaining to Central Eurasia. Many of the key languages are covered as follows.

Please note that we make a distinction between two things, each of which is described separately in the materials here:

Transliteration (and Technical Transcription). This serves to represent in an English text how terms are written in another language, when use of the original script is to be avoided. For example, transliteration is used in bibliographic references to enable reconstruction of the correct spelling in the original language for searching purposes. Because it should be unambiguous, the ideal transliteration system has a one-to-one relationship between symbols in the original alphabet and the transliteration symbol set. Technical transcription differs from transliteration in that it does not constitute a strict rendering of the letters of a source language in the Latin script. It is used in cases where the source language is non-alphabetical (such as Chinese) or when a strict rendering of letters would be very difficult to read, such as in the Arabic Persian script, which does not represent many vowels. Thus, Tehran in strict transliteration would be"thr ân" but in transcription "teher,ân".

Spelling in English. This concerns use of terms as if they were (or as they are) English terms. This differs from transliteration in that it is not always a close representation of the spelling in the original language, but rather is a form which is meaningful to English readers, as it conveys a representation of the sounds of the word, its history of use in English, and its relationship with other related words and how they are spelled in English. It also differs from transliteration, in that there is not a strict one-to-one correspondence between letters in the original language and in the transliteration symbol set. For example, the former president of Russia's name is written in English as "Yeltsin," though in transliteration, it would be spelled "El'tsin" (making it look quite unfamiliar and difficult to pronounce appropriately for non-specialist English readers). The capital of Russia is "Moscow" in English, though in transliteration, it would be spelled "Moskva." In English, we write "Shahrikhan" (whereas in transliteration, it would be "Sahrixan").

The transliteration/transcription notes and tables are linked below. Please note that we are still in the process of improving some of these. Your input is welcome:

Cyrillic Scripts

Other Scripts